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  50:26 one hundred and ten years old. Ca. 1804 B.C. Joseph’s span of life was considered, at that time in Egypt, an ideal lifespan. Amenemhet III (ca. 1841–1792 B.C.) was the reigning Pharaoh. Exodus picked up the historical narrative, after a 280 year silence, ca. 1525 B.C. with the birth of Moses. See note on Ex. 1:6–8.

  Gen. 50:26

  Joseph—A Type of Christ

  Joseph: 37:2

  Parallels: A shepherd of his father’s sheep.

  Jesus: John 10:11, 27-29

  Joseph: 37:3

  Parallels: His father loved him dearly.

  Jesus: Matt. 3:17

  Joseph: 37:4

  Parallels: Hated by his brothers.

  Jesus: John 7:4, 5

  Joseph: 37:13, 14

  Parallels: Sent by father to brothers.

  Jesus: Hebrews 2:11

  Joseph: 37:20

  Parallels: Others plotted to harm them.

  Jesus: John 11:53

  Joseph: 37:23

  Parallels: Robes taken from them.

  Jesus: John 19:23, 24

  Joseph: 37:26

  Parallels: Taken to Egypt.

  Jesus: Matt. 2:14, 15

  Joseph: 37:28

  Parallels: Sold for the price of a slave.

  Jesus: Matt. 26:15

  Joseph: 39:7

  Parallels: Tempted.

  Jesus: Matt. 4:1

  Joseph: 39:16-18

  Parallels: Falsely accused.

  Jesus: Matt. 26:59, 60

  Joseph: 39:20

  Parallels: Bound in chains.

  Jesus: Matt. 27:2

  Joseph: 40:2, 3

  Parallels: Placed with two other prisoners, one who was saved and the other lost.

  Jesus: Luke 23:32

  Joseph: 41:41

  Parallels: Exalted after suffering.

  Jesus: Phil. 2:9-11

  Joseph: 41:46

  Parallels: Both 30 years old at the beginning of public recognition.

  Jesus: Luke 3:23

  Joseph: 42:24; 45:2, 14, 15; 46:29

  Parallels: Both wept.

  Jesus: John 11:35

  Joseph: 45:1-15

  Parallels: Forgave those who wronged them.

  Jesus: Luke 23:34

  Joseph: 45:7

  Parallels: Saved their nation.

  Jesus: Matt. 1:21

  Joseph: 50:20

  Parallels: What men did to hurt them, God turned to good.

  Jesus: 1 Cor. 2:7, 8

  Genesis 1

  1:1 a Ps. 102:25; Is. 40:21; (John 1:1–3; Heb. 1:10)

  1:1 b Gen. 2:4; (Ps. 8:3; 89:11; 90:2); Is. 44:24; Acts 17:24; Rom. 1:20; (Heb. 1:2; 11:3); Rev. 4:11

  1:2 c Jer. 4:23

  1:2 d (Gen. 6:3); Job 26:13; Ps. 33:6; 104:30; Is. 40:13, 14

  1:2 1 Words in italic type have been added for clarity. They are not found in the original Hebrew or Aramaic.

  1:3 e Ps. 33:6, 9

  1:3 f 2 Cor. 4:6

  1:3 g (Heb. 11:3)

  1:5 h Job 37:18; Ps. 19:2; 33:6; 74:16; 104:20; 136:5; Jer. 10:12

  1:5 2 Lit. And evening was, and morning was, a day, one.

  1:6 i Job 37:18; Jer. 10:12; 2 Pet. 3:5

  1:6 3 expanse

  1:7 j Job 38:8–11; Prov. 8:27–29

  1:7 k Ps. 148:4

  1:9 l Job 26:10; Ps. 104:6–9; Prov. 8:29; Jer. 5:22; 2 Pet. 3:5

  1:9 m Ps. 24:1, 2; 33:7; 95:5

  1:11 n Ps. 65:9–13; 104:14; Heb. 6:7

  1:11 o 2 Sam. 16:1; Luke 6:44

  1:14 p Deut. 4:19; Ps. 74:16; 136:5–9

  1:14 q Ps. 104:19

  1:16 r Ps. 136:8

  1:16 s Deut. 17:3; Ps. 8:3

  1:16 t Deut. 4:19; Job 38:7; Is. 40:26

  1:16 4 luminaries

  1:17 u Gen. 15:5; Jer. 33:20, 25

  1:18 v Jer. 31:35

  1:20 5 souls

  1:20 6 expanse

  1:21 w Ps. 104:25–28

  1:22 x Gen. 8:17

  1:26 y Gen. 9:6; Ps. 100:3; Eccl. 7:29; (Eph. 4:24); James 3:9

  1:26 z Gen. 9:2; Ps. 8:6–8

  1:26 7 Syr. all the wild animals of

  1:27 a Gen. 5:2; 1 Cor. 11:7

  1:27 b Matt. 19:4; (Mark 10:6–8)

  1:28 c Gen. 9:1, 7; Lev. 26:9

  1:28 d 1 Cor. 9:27

  1:28 8 moves about on

  1:29 e Gen. 9:3; Ps. 104:14, 15

  1:30 f Ps. 145:15

  1:30 g Job 38:41

  1:30 9 a living soul

  1:31 h (Ps. 104:24; 1 Tim. 4:4)

  Genesis 2

  2:1 a Ps. 33:6

  2:2 b Ex. 20:9–11; 31:17; Heb. 4:4, 10

  2:3 c (Is. 58:13)

  2:4 d Gen. 1:1; Ps. 90:1, 2

  2:4 1 Heb. toledoth, lit. generations

  2:5 e Gen. 1:11, 12

  2:5 f Gen. 7:4; Job 5:10; 38:26–28

  2:5 g Gen. 3:23

  2:7 h Gen. 3:19, 23; Ps. 103:14

  2:7 i Job 33:4

  2:7 j Gen. 7:22

  2:7 k 1 Cor. 15:45

  2:8 l Is. 51:3

  2:8 m Gen. 3:23, 24

  2:8 n Gen. 4:16

  2:9 o Ezek. 31:8

  2:9 p (Gen. 3:22; Rev. 2:7; 22:2, 14)

  2:9 q (Deut. 1:39)

  2:11 r Gen. 25:18

  2:12 s Num. 11:7

  2:14 t Dan. 10:4

  2:14 2 Or Tigris

  2:14 3 Heb. Ashshur

  2:15 4 Or Adam

  2:15 5 cultivate

  2:17 u Gen. 3:1, 3, 11, 17

  2:17 v Gen. 3:3, 19; (Rom. 6:23)

  2:17 w Rom. 5:12; 1 Cor. 15:21, 22

  2:17 6 Lit. dying you shall die

  2:18 x 1 Cor. 11:8, 9; 1 Tim. 2:13

  2:19 y Gen. 1:20, 24

  2:19 z Ps. 8:6

  2:19 7 Or the man

  2:21 a Gen. 15:12; 1 Sam. 26:12

  2:22 b Gen. 3:20; 1 Tim. 2:13

  2:22 c Heb. 13:4

  2:22 8 Lit. built

  2:23 d Gen. 29:14; Eph. 5:28–30

  2:23 e 1 Cor. 11:8, 9

  2:23 9 Heb. Ishshah

  2:23 10 Heb. Ish

  2:24 f Matt. 19:5; Eph. 5:31

  2:24 g Mark 10:6–8; 1 Cor. 6:16

  2:24 11 Lit. cling

  2:25 h Gen. 3:7, 10

  2:25 i Is. 47:3

  Genesis 3

  3:1 a 1 Chr. 21:1; (Rev. 12:9; 20:2, 10)

  3:1 b 2 Cor. 11:3

  3:2 c Gen. 2:16, 17

  3:3 d Ex. 19:12, 13; Rev. 22:14

  3:4 e John 8:44; (2 Cor. 11:3; 1 Tim. 2:14)

  3:6 f 1 John 2:16

  3:6 g 1 Tim. 2:14

  3:6 1 Lit. a desirable thing

  3:7 h Gen. 2:25

  3:7 2 girding coverings

  3:8 i Job 38:1

  3:8 j Job 31:33; Jer. 23:24

  3:8 3 Or voice

  3:8 4 Or wind, breeze

  3:10 k Gen. 2:25; Ex. 3:6; Deut. 9:19; 1 John 3:20

  3:12 l (Prov. 28:13)

  3:13 m Gen. 3:4; 2 Cor. 11:3; 1 Tim. 2:14

  3:14 n Deut. 28:15–20; Is. 65:25; Mic. 7:17

  3:15 o John 8:44; Acts 13:10; 1 John 3:8

  3:15 p Is. 7:14; Luke 1:31, 34, 35; Gal. 4:4

  3:15 q Rom. 16:20; (Rev. 12:7, 17)

  3:16 r Is. 13:8; John 16:21

  3:16 s Gen. 4:7

  3:16 t 1 Cor. 11:3; Eph. 5:22; 1 Tim. 2:12, 15

  3:16 5 Lit. toward

  3:17 u 1 Sam. 15:23

  3:17 v Gen. 2:17

  3:17 w Gen. 5:29; Rom. 8:20–22; Heb. 6:8

  3:17 x Job 5:7; 14:1; Eccl. 2:23

  3:18 y Ps. 104:14

  3:18 6 cause to grow

  3:19 z 2 Thess. 3:10

  3:19 a Gen. 2:7; 5:5

  3:19 b Job 21:26; Eccl. 3:20

  3:20 c 2 Cor. 11:3; 1 Tim. 2:13

  3:20 7 Lit. Life or Living

  3:23 d Gen. 4:2; 9:20

  3:24 e Ezek. 31:3, 11

  3:24 f Ex. 25:18–22; Ps. 104:4; Ezek. 10:1–20; Heb. 1:7

  3:24 g Gen. 2:8


  3:24 h Gen. 2:9; (Rev. 22:2)

  Genesis 4

  4:1 1 Lit. Acquire

  4:2 a Luke 11:50, 51

  4:2 2 Lit. Breath or Nothing

  4:3 b Num. 18:12

  4:3 3 Lit. at the end of days

  4:4 c Num. 18:17

  4:4 d Lev. 3:16

  4:4 e Heb. 11:4

  4:7 4 Lit. toward

  4:8 f Matt. 23:35; Luke 11:51; (1 John 3:12–15); Jude 11

  4:8 5 Lit. said to

  4:8 6 Sam., LXX, Syr., Vg. add “Let us go out to the field.”

  4:9 g John 8:44

  4:9 h 1 Cor. 8:11–13

  4:10 i Num. 35:33; Deut. 21:1–9; Heb. 12:24; Rev. 6:9, 10

  4:11 j Gen. 3:14; Deut. 11:28; 28:15–20; Gal. 3:10

  4:13 7 iniquity

  4:14 k Ps. 51:11

  4:14 l Deut. 31:18; Is. 1:15

  4:14 m Gen. 9:6; Num. 35:19, 21, 27

  4:15 n Gen. 4:24; Ps. 79:12

  4:15 o Gen. 9:6; Ezek. 9:4, 6

  4:15 8 So with MT, Tg.; LXX, Syr., Vg. Not so;

  4:16 p 2 Kin. 13:23; 24:20; Jer. 23:39; 52:3

  4:16 q Jon. 1:3

  4:16 9 Lit. Wandering

  4:17 r Ps. 49:11

  4:19 s Gen. 2:24; 16:3; 1 Tim. 3:2

  4:21 10 pipe

  4:23 11 slain a man for my wound

  4:23 12 for my hurt

  4:24 t Gen. 4:15

  4:25 u Gen. 5:3

  4:25 13 Lit. Appointed

  4:26 v Gen. 5:6

  4:26 w Gen. 12:8; 26:25; 1 Kin. 18:24; Ps. 116:17; Joel 2:32; Zeph. 3:9; 1 Cor. 1:2

  4:26 14 Gr. Enos, Luke 3:38

  Genesis 5

  5:1 a Gen. 2:4; 6:9; 1 Chr. 1:1; Matt. 1:1

  5:1 b Gen. 1:26; 9:6; (Eph. 4:24; Col. 3:10)

  5:2 c Gen. 1:27; Deut. 4:32; Matt. 19:4; Mark 10:6

  5:2 d Gen. 1:28; 9:1

  5:3 e 1 Cor. 15:48, 49

  5:3 f Gen. 4:25

  5:4 g 1 Chr. 1:1–4; Luke 3:36–38

  5:4 h Gen. 1:28; 4:25

  5:5 i Gen. 2:17; 3:19; 6:17; (Heb. 9:27)

  5:6 j Gen. 4:26

  5:9 1 Heb. Qenan

  5:18 k Jude 14, 15

  5:22 l Gen. 6:9; 17:1; 24:40; 48:15; 2 Kin. 20:3; Ps. 16:8; (Mic. 6:8); Mal. 2:6; 1 Thess. 2:12; (Heb. 11:39)

  5:24 m 2 Kin. 2:11; Jude 14

  5:24 n 2 Kin. 2:10; Ps. 49:15; 73:24; Heb. 11:5

  5:29 o Luke 3:36; Heb. 11:7; 1 Pet. 3:20

  5:29 p Gen. 3:17–19; 4:11

  5:29 2 Lit. Rest

  5:32 q Gen. 6:10; 7:13

  5:32 r Gen. 10:21

  Genesis 6

  6:1 a Gen. 1:28

  6:2 b Deut. 7:3, 4

  6:3 c Gen. 41:38; (Gal. 5:16, 17); 1 Pet. 3:19, 20

  6:3 d 2 Thess. 2:7

  6:3 e Ps. 78:39

  6:3 1 LXX, Syr., Tg., Vg. abide

  6:4 f Num. 13:32, 33; Luke 17:27

  6:4 2 Heb. nephilim, fallen or mighty ones

  6:5 g Gen. 8:21; Ps. 14:1–3; Prov. 6:18; Matt. 15:19; Rom. 1:28–32

  6:5 3 So with MT, Tg.; Vg. God; LXX LORD God

  6:5 4 thought

  6:5 5 all the day

  6:6 h Gen. 6:7; 1 Sam. 15:11, 29; 2 Sam. 24:16; Jer. 18:7–10; Zech. 8:14

  6:6 i Ps. 78:40; Is. 63:10; Eph. 4:30

  6:6 j Mark 3:5

  6:7 k Gen. 7:4, 23; Deut. 28:63; 29:20; Ps. 7:11

  6:8 l Gen. 19:19; Ex. 33:12, 17; Luke 1:30; Acts 7:46

  6:9 m Gen. 7:1; Ezek. 14:14, 20; Heb. 11:7; 2 Pet. 2:5

  6:9 n Gen. 5:22, 24; 2 Kin. 23:3

  6:9 6 blameless or having integrity

  6:10 o Gen. 5:32; 7:13

  6:11 p Deut. 31:29; Judg. 2:19; Rom. 2:13

  6:11 q Ezek. 8:17

  6:12 r Ps. 14:2; 53:2, 3

  6:12 s Ps. 14:1–3; Is. 28:8

  6:13 t Is. 34:1–4; Jer. 51:13; Ezek. 7:2, 3; Amos 8:2; 1 Pet. 4:7

  6:13 u Gen. 6:17

  6:13 v 2 Pet. 2:4–10

  6:14 7 Lit. compartments or nests

  6:15 8 A cubit is about 18 inches.

  6:17 w Gen. 7:4, 21–23; 2 Pet. 2:5

  6:17 x 2 Pet. 3:6

  6:17 y Luke 16:22

  6:18 z Gen. 8:20—9:17; 17:7

  6:18 a Gen. 7:1, 7, 13; 1 Pet. 3:20; 2 Pet. 2:5

  6:19 b Gen. 7:2, 8, 9, 14–16

  6:20 c Gen. 7:9, 15

  6:22 d Gen. 7:5; 12:4, 5; Heb. 11:7

  6:22 e Gen. 7:5, 9, 16

  6:22 f (1 John 5:3)

  Genesis 7

  7:1 a Matt. 11:28

  7:1 b Matt. 24:38; Luke 17:26; Heb. 11:7; 1 Pet. 3:20; 2 Pet. 2:5

  7:1 c Gen. 6:9; Ps. 33:18; Prov. 10:9; 2 Pet. 2:9

  7:2 d Lev. 11; Deut. 14:3–20

  7:2 e Lev. 10:10; Ezek. 44:23

  7:3 1 Lit. seed

  7:4 f Gen. 7:10; Ex. 7:25

  7:4 g Gen. 7:12, 17

  7:4 2 Lit. blot out

  7:5 h Gen. 6:22

  7:6 i Gen. 5:4, 32

  7:7 j Gen. 6:18; 7:1, 13; Matt. 24:38; Luke 17:27

  7:11 k Matt. 24:39; Luke 17:27; 2 Pet. 2:5; 3:6

  7:11 l Gen. 8:2; Prov. 8:28; Is. 51:10; Ezek. 26:19

  7:11 m Gen. 8:2; Ps. 78:23

  7:12 n Gen. 7:4, 17; 1 Sam. 12:18

  7:14 o Gen. 6:19

  7:14 p Gen. 1:21

  7:15 q Gen. 6:19, 20; 7:9

  7:16 r Gen. 7:2, 3

  7:17 s Gen. 7:4, 12; 8:6

  7:18 t Ps. 104:26

  7:21 u Gen. 6:7, 13, 17; 7:4

  7:21 3 the land

  7:22 v Gen. 2:7

  7:22 4 LXX, Vg. omit of the spirit

  7:23 w Matt. 24:38, 39; Luke 17:26, 27; Heb. 11:7; 1 Pet. 3:20; 2 Pet. 2:5

  7:24 x Gen. 8:3, 4

  Genesis 8

  8:1 a Gen. 19:29; Ex. 2:24; 1 Sam. 1:19; Ps. 105:42; 106:4

  8:1 b Ex. 14:21; 15:10; Job 12:15; Ps. 29:10; Is. 44:27; Nah. 1:4

  8:2 c Gen. 7:11

  8:2 d Deut. 11:17

  8:2 e Gen. 7:4, 12; Job 38:37

  8:3 f Gen. 7:24

  8:6 g Gen. 6:16

  8:16 h Gen. 7:13

  8:17 i Gen. 1:22, 28; 9:1, 7

  8:20 j Gen. 12:7; Ex. 29:18, 25

  8:20 k Gen. 7:2; Lev. 11

  8:20 l Gen. 22:2; Ex. 10:25

  8:21 m Ex. 29:18, 25; Lev. 1:9; Ezek. 20:41; 2 Cor. 2:15; Eph. 5:2

  8:21 n Gen. 3:17; 6:7, 13, 17; Is. 54:9

  8:21 o Gen. 6:5; 11:6; Job 14:4; Ps. 51:5; Jer. 17:9; Rom. 1:21; 3:23; Eph. 2:1–3

  8:21 p Gen. 9:11, 15

  8:21 1 intent or thought

  8:22 q Is. 54:9

  8:22 r Ps. 74:16; Jer. 33:20, 25

  Genesis 9

  9:1 a Gen. 1:28, 29; 8:17; 9:7, 19; 10:32

  9:2 b Gen. 1:26, 28; Ps. 8:6

  9:3 c Deut. 12:15; 14:3, 9, 11; Acts 10:12, 13

  9:3 d Rom. 14:14, 20; 1 Cor. 10:23, 26; Col. 2:16; (1 Tim. 4:3, 4)

  9:3 e Gen. 1:29

  9:4 f Lev. 7:26; 17:10–16; 19:26; Deut. 12:16, 23; 15:23; 1 Sam. 14:33, 34; Acts 15:20, 29

  9:5 g Ex. 21:28

  9:5 h Gen. 4:9, 10; Ps. 9:12

  9:5 i Acts 17:26

  9:6 j Ex. 21:12–14; Lev. 24:17; Num. 35:33; Matt. 26:52

  9:6 k Gen. 1:26, 27

  9:7 l Gen. 9:1, 19

  9:9 m Gen. 6:18

  9:9 n Is. 54:9

  9:9 1 Lit. seed

  9:10 o Ps. 145:9

  9:11 p Gen. 8:21; Is. 54:9

  9:12 q Gen. 9:13, 17; 17:11

  9:13 r Ezek. 1:28; Rev. 4:3

  9:15 s Lev. 26:42, 45; Deut. 7:9; Ezek. 16:60

  9:16 t Gen. 17:13, 19; 2 Sam. 23:5; Is. 55:3; Jer. 32:40; Heb. 13:20

  9:18 u Gen. 9:25–27; 10:6

  9:19 v Gen. 5:32

  9:19 w Gen. 9:1, 7; 10:32; 1 Chr. 1:4

  9:20 x Gen. 3:19, 23; 4:2; Prov. 12:11; Jer. 31:24

  9:21 y Prov. 20:1; Eph. 5:18

  9:23 z Ex. 20:12; Gal. 6:1

  9:23 2 Lit. backwards

  9:25 a Deut. 27:16; Josh. 9:23, 27

/>   9:25 b Josh. 9:23; 1 Kin. 9:20, 21

  9:26 c Gen. 14:20; 24:27; Ps. 144:15; Heb. 11:16

  9:27 d Gen. 10:2–5; 39:3; Is. 66:19

  9:27 e Luke 3:36; John 1:14; Eph. 2:13, 14; 3:6

  Genesis 10

  10:1 a Gen. 9:1, 7, 19

  10:2 b 1 Chr. 1:5–7

  10:3 1 Diphath, 1 Chr. 1:6

  10:4 2 Sam. Rodanim and 1 Chr. 1:7

  10:5 c Gen. 11:8; Ps. 72:10; Jer. 2:10; 25:22

  10:6 d 1 Chr. 1:8–16

  10:6 3 Or Phut

  10:8 e Mic. 5:6

  10:9 f Jer. 16:16; Mic. 7:2

  10:9 g Gen. 21:20

  10:10 h Mic. 5:6

  10:10 i Gen. 11:9

  10:11 j Gen. 25:18; 2 Kin. 19:36; Mic. 5:6

  10:14 k 1 Chr. 1:12

  10:15 l Gen. 23:3

  10:16 m Gen. 14:7; 15:19–21; Deut. 7:1; Neh. 9:8

  10:19 n Gen. 13:12, 14, 15, 17; 15:18–21; Num. 34:2–12

  10:21 4 Or the older brother of Japheth

  10:22 o Gen. 11:10–26; 1 Chr. 1:17–28

  10:22 p Gen. 10:24; 11:10; Luke 3:36

  10:23 5 LXX Meshech and 1 Chr. 1:17

  10:24 q Gen. 11:12; Luke 3:35

  10:24 6 So with MT, Vg., Tg.; LXX Arphaxad begot Cainan, and Cainan begot Salah (cf. Luke 3:35, 36)

  10:25 r 1 Chr. 1:19

  10:25 7 Lit. Division

  10:28 8 Ebal, 1 Chr. 1:22

  10:32 s Gen. 10:1

  10:32 t Gen. 9:19; 11:8

  Genesis 11

  11:1 1 Lit. lip

  11:2 a Gen. 10:10; 14:1; Dan. 1:2

  11:3 2 Lit. burn

  11:4 b Deut. 1:28; 9:1; Ps. 107:26

  11:4 c Gen. 6:4; 2 Sam. 8:13

  11:4 d Deut. 4:27

  11:5 e Gen. 18:21; Ex. 3:8; 19:11, 18, 20

  11:6 f Gen. 9:19; Acts 17:26

  11:6 g Gen. 11:1

  11:6 h Deut. 31:21; Ps. 2:1

  11:7 i Gen. 1:26

  11:7 j Gen. 42:23; Ex. 4:11; Deut. 28:49; Is. 33:19; Jer. 5:15

  11:8 k Gen. 11:4; Deut. 32:8; Ps. 92:9; (Luke 1:51)

  11:8 l Gen. 10:25, 32

  11:9 m 1 Cor. 14:23

  11:9 3 Lit. Confusion, Babylon

  11:10 n Gen. 10:22–25; 1 Chr. 1:17

  11:12 o Luke 3:35

  11:16 p 1 Chr. 1:19

  11:16 q Luke 3:35

  11:20 r Luke 3:35

  11:24 s Gen. 11:31; Josh. 24:2; Luke 3:34

  11:26 t Josh. 24:2; 1 Chr. 1:26

  11:26 4 Abraham, Gen. 17:5

  11:27 u Gen. 11:31; 17:5

  11:29 v Gen. 17:15; 20:12

  11:29 w Gen. 22:20, 23; 24:15

  11:29 5 Sarah, Gen. 17:15

  11:30 x Gen. 16:1, 2; Luke 1:36

  11:31 y Gen. 12:1

  11:31 z Gen. 15:7; Neh. 9:7; Acts 7:4

  11:31 a Gen. 10:19